Aloe perfoliata var. vera L.
Family: ALOACEAE
Accepted Scientific Name: Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.
Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 83 (1768). Burm.f. (Medicinal aloe)
Leaves and flowers at Pukalani, Maui, Hawaii (USA). March 02, 2007.
It is a popular houseplant with a long history as a multipurpose folk remedy. Aloe vera is widely cultivated and plus than 150 different clones and variety are available.
Origin and Habitat: Aloe vera probably originated in northern Africa (Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia, along with the Cape Verde Islands, Canary Islands, Maderia) but diffused and cultivated throughout the world.
The species is widely naturalised elsewhere, occurring in temperate and tropical regions of Australia, India, Vietnam, Taiwan, Barbados, Belize, Nigeria, Paraguay and the USA. It has been suggested that, like many Aloes, the species is originally from Southern Africa and that populations that occur elsewhere are the result of human cultivation.
Altitude range: 0 and 1300 metres above sea level.
Habitat and ecology: Hammocks, sandy areas, roadsides and similar places in full sun. Like other Aloe species, Aloe vera forms arbuscular mycorrhiza, a symbiosis that allows the plant better access to mineral nutrients in soil.
Synonyms:
Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.
Aloe perfoliata var. vera L.
See all synonyms of Aloe vera
Common Names include:
ENGLISH: First Aid Plant, Curaçao aloe, Coastal aloe, West Indian aloe, Star cactus, Mediterranean aloe, Jaffarabad aloe, Burn Aloe, Aloe-tree, Aloe of Curaçao, Aloe edge, Chinese aloe, Lily of the Desert, True Aloe, Indian Aloe, Common aloe, Aloe vera, Aloe, Burn plan, Unguentine cactus, Medicinal aloe, Barbados aloe, Chinese Aloe
ALBANIAN (Shqip): Aloe vera
ARABIC ( لعربية ): صبر حقيقي, الألوة, الألوه نبات
AZERBAIJAN ( Azərbaycanca): Əsl əzvay
BASQUE (Euskara): Aloe vera
BENGALI (বাংলা): ঘৃতকুমারী, Ghrita kumari, Kumari
BOSNIAN (bosanski / босански): Aloa
BULGARIAN (Български): Алое вера
CATALAN (Català): Atzavara vera, Bàlsam de jardí, Àloe vera, Sèver de jardí
CHINESE (中文): 龙舌兰, 庫拉索蘆薈
CZECH (Čeština): Aloe pravá, Léčivá aloe
DANISH (Dansk): Lægealoe
DUTCH (Nederlands): Aloë, Aloë vera
ESPERANT (Esperanto): Aloo vera
FILIPINO: Aloeng medisinal, Aloe vera
FINNISH (Suomi): Lääkeaaloe
FRENCH (Français): Aloe vera, Aloès, Aloès vulgaire
GALICIAN (Galego): Áloe vera
GERMAN (Deutsch): Echte Aloe, Aloe vera
GREEK (Ελληνικά): αλόη βέρα, Αλόη η γνησία, φαρμακευτική αλόη
HAITIAN: Pye lalwa
HAITIAN CREOLE (Kreyòl ayisyen): Pye lalwa
HEBREW (עברית): אלוורה
HINDI ( हिन्दी): ग्वारपाठा, घृत कुमारी, Guar patha, Ghikanvar, गिलोय
HUNGARIAN (Magyar): Aloe vera
INDONESIAN (Bahasa Indonesia): Lidah Buaya
ITALIAN (Italiano): Aloe Vera, Legno aloe, Aloe di Curacao, Aloe delle Barbados, Aloe di Curacao, Aloe delle Barbados, Aloe mediterranea
JAPANESE (日本語): アロエベラ, アロエ (Aroe)
JAVANESE (Basa Jawa): Ilat baya, Lidah Buaya
KANNADA (ಕನ್ನಡ): Lolisara
KAZAKH (Qazaqşa / قازاقشا / Қазақша): Алоэ вера
KOREAN (한국어): 알로에
LAK (Лакку): Алоэ
LATVIAN (Latviešu): Alveja, Īstā alveja
MACEDONIAN (Македонски): Алое вера
MALAY (بهاس ملاي /Bahasa Melayu ): Pohon gaharu, Pokok Lidah Buaya
MALAYALAM (മലയാളം): കറ്റാര്വാഴ, Kumari
MARATHI (मराठी): Korphad
NAHUATL (Nāhuatl): Caxtillān mexcalmetl
NEPALESE (Nepal bhasa नेपाल भाषा): घिउ कुमारी, Ghiu kumari
NORWEGIAN (Bokmål): Aloe vera
ORIYA (ଓଡି଼ଆ): Kumari
PAKISTAN: Quargandal
PERSIAN (فارسی): شبیار, صبر زرد
POLISH ( Polski): Aloes zwyczajny
PORTUGUESE (Português): Aloé vera, Aloés de Barbados, Babosa (Brazil), Azebre Vegetal, Erva-babosa, Aloés
ROMANIAN (Română): Aloe vera
RUSSIAN (Русский): Алоэ Вера (Aloe vera), Алоэ настоящее (Aloe nastojaščee), Алоэ (Aloe)
SAMOGITIAN (Žemaitėška): Alėjuošios
SANSKRIT (संस्कृतम्): Ghrita kumari, कुमारी (Kumari), घृतकुमारी, घृतकुमारी
SERBIAN (Српски / Srpski): алоја (Aloja), Обична алоја
SERBO-CROATIAN (Srpskohrvatski / Српскоx: Obična aloja, Aloje vera, Prava aloja
SHONA (ChiShona): Gavakava
SLOVAK (Slovenčina): Aloa pravá
SPANISH (Español): Savila, Loto do deserto (Argentina), Lináloe, Maguey morado, Penca sábila (Colombia), Pitera amarelo (Argentina), Sábila (Mexico), Sábila do penca (Argentina), Toots amarelo (Argentina), Zábila, Zábila dos toots (Argentina), Aloe vera, Flor do deserto (Argentina), Aloe, Acíbar, Sabila
SUNDANESE (Basa Sunda): Lidah buaya
SWEDISH (Svenska): Äkta aloe, Aloe, Barbados aloe
TAMIL (தமிழ்): Chirukuttali, கற்றாழை (Katralai or Katrazhai)
TELUGU (తెలుగు): Chinna kalabanda, కలబంద
THAI (ภาษาไทย): ว่านหางจระเข้, ว่านหางจระเข้ Wan hang chora khe (Crocodile Tai Plant), หางตะเข้ (Hang ta khe), ว่านไฟไหม้ (Wan fai mai)
TONGAN (Faka-Tonga): 'Aloe
TURKISH (Türkçe): Sarısabır, Ödağacı, Tıbbi sarısabır, Sarýsabýr
UKRAINIAN (Українська): Алое вера
UPPER SORBIAN (Hornjoserbsce): Prawy alowej
VIETNAMESE (Tiếng Việt): Nha Đam, Lô hội, Cây aloe vera, Cây Lô Hội, Cây Nha Đam
Description: Aloe vera is a short-stemmed, woody-based, clumping, sukering stoloniferous succulent with short stems leading to compact stiff rosettes growing to 60–100 cm tall. It is a particularly fast-growing, tough and adaptable species and one plant can eventually cover a large area. Aloe vera is widely cultivated as a medicinal plant and plus than 150 different clones and variety are available. The species is frequently cited as being used in herbal medicine since the beginning of the first century AD. Extracts from A. vera are widely used in the cosmetics and alternative medicine industries, being marketed as variously having rejuvenating, healing, or soothing properties. There is, however, little scientific evidence of the effectiveness or safety of Aloe vera extracts for either cosmetic or medicinal purposes, and what positive evidence is available is frequently contradicted by other studies.
Stems: to 50 cm; scarious leaf sheaths persistent.
Leaves: Alternate, rosulate to distichous, 10-50 cm long, 1-7 cm broad, fleshy, glabrous, dagger-shapedt o ensate, channelled bluish or grey-green, with some varieties mottled with purple or white spots in irregular bands, or blotches on the upper and lower leaf surfaces, however the spots tends to fade with age. Leaves also tends to redden near apex or margins. The juvenile specimens have narrower leaves with lighter spots, while mature specimens have wider solid grey-green leaves. Margins green, spiny-toothed, teeth 1.1.5 cm apart. Some of the Aloe vera sold retain the juvenile characteristics. They have spiked edges (serrated) with small white teeth or may be smooth.
Inflorescence: Terminal, usually single, racemose, 1–1.5 m tall, usually covered with scale-like bracts. Racemes cylindrical, dense, up to 50 cm long, bracts glabrous or puberulent, with 3 prominent purple veins that are confluent at tips.
Flowers: Showy, pendulous in tones of yellow, but many of the clones available have orange flowers. Corolla, tubular 2–3 cm long, tepals prominently 3-veined, connate basally for half their length, lobes broadly linear to oblong-lanceolate, apex rounded. Stamens 6, included to slightly exserted, slightly unequal; filaments 2–2.5 cm; anthers 2.5–4 mm. Style usually exserted; stigmas not expanded. Pedicel 2.2–3.3 cm.
Blooming season: It flowers in any period of the year depending on growing conditions and locations, but more often in spring to early summer .
Fruits: Capsules somewhat elongate, but usually the flowers produce not seed.
Chromosome number: 2n = 14.
Subspecies, varieties, forms and cultivars of plants belonging to the Aloe vera group
Leaves and flowers at Pukalani, Maui, Hawaii (USA). March 02, 2007 -
Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.: (a.k.a.
Medicinal Aloe) Clumping suckering succulent with short stems leading to compact stiff rosettes growing to 60–100 cm tall. It is widely cultivated and plus than 150 different clones and variety are available. Nomenclature is controversial too.
Aloe vera var. chinensis (Haw.) A.Berger: This is the white spotted form of Aloe vera, however, the species varies widely with regard to leaf spots and the spots usually present on young plants tends to fade with age.
Notes: The species has a number of synonyms:
Aloe barbadensis Mill., Aloe indica Royle, Aloe perfoliata var. vera and Aloe vulgaris Lam. The species epithet vera means "true" or "genuine". Some literature identifies the white-spotted form of Aloe vera as Aloe vera var. chinensis; however, the species varies widely with regard to leaf spots and it has been suggested that the spotted form of Aloe vera may be conspecific with Aloe massawana. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as Aloe perfoliata var. vera, and was described again in 1768 by Nicolaas Laurens Burman as Aloe vera in Flora Indica on 6 April and by Philip Miller as Aloe barbadensis some ten days after Burman in the Gardener's Dictionary. Techniques based on DNA comparison suggest Aloe vera is relatively closely related to Aloe perryi, a species endemic to Yemen. Similar techniques, using chloroplast DNA sequence comparison and ISSR profiling have also suggested it is closely related to Aloe forbesii, Aloe inermis, Aloe scobinifolia, Aloe sinkatana, and Aloe striata. With the exception of the South African species A. striata, these Aloe species are native to Socotra (Yemen), Somalia, and Sudan. The lack of obvious natural populations of the species has led some authors to suggest Aloe vera may be of hybrid origin.
More...
http://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/SUCC ... bliography" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;: Major references and further lectures
1) Forest & Kim Starr “Aloe vera (Aloe, aloe vera, common aloe)”. Plants of Hawaii. <
http://www.starrenvironmental.com>. Web. 27 Sep. 2014.
2) Urs Eggli “Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Monocotyledons: Monocotyledons” Springer Science & Business Media, 17/Jul/2001